Contents
Abstract ……………………………………………………..
Cyborg…………………………………………………………
Cybernetics……….. …………………………………………
Man merged with computer……………………………….
Man upgrading himself with computers………………..
Biochip in human body………………………….. ……….
Advantages and Disadvantages……. ………………….
Conclusion ………………………………………………….
ABSTRACT:
In the years ahead we will witness machines with intelligence more powerful than that of humans. This will mean that robots, not humans, make all the important decisions. It will be a robot dominated world with dire consequences for humankind. Is there an alternative way ahead?
Humans have limited capabilities. Humans sense the world in a restricted way, vision being the best of the senses. Humans understand the world in only 3 dimensions and communicate in a very slow, serial fashion called speech. But can this be improved on? Can we use technology to upgrade humans?
A Cyborg is a CYBernetic ORGanism, part human part machine. In this, we will go through Kevin Warwick’s amazing steps towards becoming a Cyborg. The story is one of scientific endeavor and devotion, splitting apart the personal lives of himself and those around him. This astounding and unique story takes in top scientists from around the globe and seriously questions human morals, values and ethics.
CYBORG:
CYBORG, a compound word derived from Cybernetics and Organism, is a term coined by Manfred Clynes in 1960 to describe the need for mankind to artificially enhance biological functions in order to survive in the hostile environment of space. Originally, a CYBORG reffered to a “ Human being with a bodily functions aided or controlled by technological devices, such as an oxygen tank, artificial heart valve or insulin pump.” Over the years, the term has acquired a more general meaning, describing the dependence of human beings on technology. In this sense , CYBORG can be used to characterize anyone who relies on a computer to complete his or her daily work.
A CYBORG is a Cybernetics Organism, part human – part machine. This concept is bit tricky but let see an example of a CYBORG: you may have seen a movie “TERMINATOR.” In that ARNOLD was a CYBORG. He was part man- part machine. Well definition exactly says this; CYBORG can be made by technology known as CYBERNETICS. “What is CYBERNETICS?”, To understand CYBORG , this is the first step that we’ll see in the next topic.
CYBERNETICS:
Cybernetics is word coined by group of scientists led by Norbert Wiener and made popular by Wiener’s book of 1948, Cybernetics or Communication in the animal and the Machine. Based on the Greek “Kybernetics”, meaning steersman or governor, cybernetics is the science or study of the control or regulation mechanism in human and machine systems, including computers.
CYBERNETICS could be thought of as recently developed science, although to some extent it cuts across existing science. If we think of Physics, Chemistry, Biology, etc. as a traditional science, then Cybernetics is a classification, which cuts across them all. Cybernetics is formally defined as the science of control and communication in animals, men and machines. It extracts, from whatever context, that which is concerned with information processing and control …. One major characteristics of cybernetics is its preoccupation with the construction of models and here it overlaps operational research. Cybernetics models are usually distinguished by being hierarchical, adaptive and making permanent use of feedback loops… Cybernetics in some ways is like the science of organization, with special emphasis on the dynamic nature of the system being organized.
MAN MERGED WITH COMPUTERS
This is the question that professor Kevin Warwick and his team at the department of Cybernetics, university of Reading intend to answer with “Project Cyborg”.
On Monday,24th august, 1998, Professor Kevin Warwick underwent an operation to surgically implant a Silicon chip transponder in his arm. Dr.George Boulous carried out the operation usin anesthetic only.
This experiment allowed a computer to monitor Kevin Warwick as he moved through halls and offices of the department of Cybernetics at the university of Reading, using a unique identifying signal emitted by the implanted chip. He could operate doors, lights, heaters and other computers without lifting a finger.
The chip implant technology has the capability to impact our lives in ways that we have been thought previously in the movie. The implant could carry all sorts of information about a person, from access and visa details to your National Insurance Number, blood type, medical records,etc. with tha data being updated where necessary.
MAN UPGRADING HIMSELF WITH COMPUTERS
Professor Kevin Warwick, the world's leading expert in Cybernetics, here he unveils the story of how he became the worlds first Cyborg in a ground breaking set of scientific experiments.
In the years ahead we will witness machines with an intelligence more powerful than that of humans. This will mean that robots, not humans, make all the important decisions. It will be a robot dominated world with dire consequences for humankind. Is there an alternative way ahead?
Humans have limited capabilities. Humans sense the world in a restricted way, vision being the best of the senses. Humans understand the world in only 3 dimensions and communicate in a very slow, serial fashion called speech. But can this be improved on? Can we use technology to upgrade humans?
The possibility exists to enhance human capabilities. To harness the ever increasing abilities of machine intelligence, to enable extra sensory input and to communicate in a much richer way, using thought alone. Kevin Warwick has taken the first steps on this path, using himself as a guinea pig test subject receiving, by surgical operation, technological implants connected to his central nervous system.
A Cyborg is a Cybernetic Organism, part human part machine. In this book Kevin gives a very personal account of his amazing steps towards becoming a Cyborg. The story is one of scientific endeavour and devotion, splitting apart the personal lives of himself and those around him. This astounding and unique story takes in top scientists from around the globe and seriously questions human morals, values and ethics.
In the late summer of 2001, it is planned for Kevin Warwick to have a further implant. In this case the nervous system in his arm will be short circuited, via a radio signal, with the nervous system of the computer. They will investigate how his movement can be remotely controlled and how much his emotions can be directed by the computer. They will feed in ultrasonic information and try to bring about extra sensory perception.
BIOCHIP IN HUMAN BODY
The concept is TO PUT A CHIP IN THE HUMAN BODY, suddenly a question arise in our mind is it possible to put a chip in human body? What sort of efforts it will take? After some research we are confident that in near future we will be able to keep a chip in our body for safety, GPS for human body.
In some sort of accident people put themselves in catastrophic situation. At that moment this chip will help them to over come from such situation. While two politicians are planning for some corruption at that moment this chip will be helpful to get information what they did. Even it gets you with the information of he person who is kidnapped with the use of GPS, which will be available in this chip.
After considering all these situation we come to the point that , there must be some technology to over come such situation and there we found a semi conductor CHIP which was made up of silicon material. This chip contains information about the person who has this chip in his body. Like name, address, DNA report, etc.
To use this chip we would like to use some other technology like Nano Technology through which we can diagnose the internal thing of human body.
We can put this chip in human body by minor operation. The good thing about this is that it has no side effects. We can put this chip at the at the back of our neck or under the hair skin.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Whether it be a new emerging technology , a new instrument or a new equipment, everything has got its advantages and disadvantages. It depends on the user to make a proper use of equipped devices & the technologies. So, here are the set of advantages and disadvantages of CYBORG.
ADVANTAGES:
· The human cyborg represents a ‘transitional species’ of sorts,before the human enters total post-biological obsolescence.
· If evolution is theorized from an abstract perspective as an attempt to increase the information processing power latent in matter, in the struggle against entropy, it is clear that Artificial life will eventually win out against organic life since it is more durable and more efficient.
· These extropians see this as perhaps bad news for the human race, but in the long term at least good news for the planet and apparently the universe.
· There are others who foresee perhaps a more peacable coexistence for human beings and electronic ‘life’, however . one recent theory that has been bantered about lately is that the human race may have reached the saturation point for economic growth, but this is fortunate since it has arrived in time for it to work on ‘human growth’, i.e. the re-engineering of the human species.
· We can ‘graducate’ from being victims of natural selection to masters of self-selection. It seems hard to argue against increasing human longevity, intelligence, or strength , since human beings seem to live too short a span, to make too many mistakes in reasoning, and to to lack the physical endurance necessary to make great accomplishments.
· Lastly , there are the postmodern theorists , normally noted for their anti technological stance, who have taken a favorable position on the coming of the cyborg.
DISADVANTAGES
· The critics of bioelectronics and biocomputing foresee numerous potential negative social consequences from the technology. One is that the human race will divide along the lines of biological haves and have-nots.
· People with enough money will be able to argument their personal attributes as they see fit as well as to utilize cloning , organ replacement, etc. to stave off death for as long as they wish , while the majority of humanity will continue to suffer from hunger, bad genes, and infirmity.
· Certainly, it would be easy to utilize bio-implants that would allow people to trace the location and perhaps even monitor the condition and behavior of implanted persons.
· This would be tremendous violation of human privacy , but the creators of human biotech might see it as necessary to keep their subjects under control. Once implanted with bio-implant electronic devices , ‘cyborg’ might become highly dependent on the creators of these devices for their repair, recharge, and maintenance.
· It could be possible to modify the person technologically so that body would stop producing some essential substance for survival , thus placing them under the absolute control of the designer of the technology.
· Even those not spiritually inclined who still nevertheless posses the feeling that there is something within humanity which is not found in animals or machines and which makes us uniquely human, worry that the essence of our humanity will be lost to this technology.
CONCLUSION
Finally I would like to say that if the future of intelligent robots, then to protect mankind, we will must need some TERMINATORs. They all are CYBORGS. Because by making human CYBORGS, we may have the following extra ordinary capabilities….
· We will be able to communicate between each other by thought signals alone, so no more need for telephones, old fashioned signals, we all are able to think to each other via implants.
· Instead of communicating by speech as we do presently, we will be able to think to each other, simply by implants connected to our nervous system linking our brains electronically together, possibility even over the internet.
· We won’t need the languages that we presently do, we’ll need a new language of ideas and the concepts in order to communicate thoughts from brain to brain.
No comments:
Post a Comment